Simple Present Tense
Study the following sentences.
1. Lightning occurs in hot, wet storms.
2. Whales are sea-living mammals.
3. Kangaroos eat grass and plants.
4. An iceberg is an enormous piece of ice floating in the sea.
5. A tiger is a wild animal. The tiger eats meat.
The tense used in a report text is simple present tense.
The simple present tense is used to give general truths,
habitual actions, and to define something.
The sentences above tell you about the general truth:
Verbs that are used in the simple present tense are: to be(is, am, are) and verb (eat, occurs, etc.).
Verb agreements in simple present tense:
1. Third person
He/she/it + Verb –s
He/she/it + to be is
• He cuts the paper.
• She is a pilot.
2. Uncountable noun
Subject + Verb –s
Subject + to be is
• Water flows from high places.
• Sugar is sweet.
3. Singular noun
Subject + Verb –s
Subject + to be is
• The table is clean.
• The car hits the tree.
Simple Past Tense
To talk about past events and conditions, you use VERB-2 forms. Here are some examples taken
from the text.
• I joined the Traditional Dance Competition in Jakarta last year.
• It was my biggest competition.
Telling Past Events
(+) S + V2
(-) S + did not + V1
Examples:
(+) I joined the Traditional Dance Competition in Jakarta last year.
I represented my Junior High School.
(-) I did not feel nervous anymore.
Telling Past Conditions
(+) S + was/were + noun/adjective
(-) S + was/were not + noun/adjective
Examples:
(+) It was my biggest competition.
I was so happy to be given the trophy.
(-) I was not ready for this.
The adverbs that are usually used in the ‘simple past tense’ sentences are:
• yesterday, • last week, and
• a week ago, • last …
• … ago,
Present Continuous Tense
1) Pola Kalimat
| SUBJECT + TO BE + V- ing Is, am, are |
Mother is still cooking in the kitchen now.
2) Fungsi
a) Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.
They are still playing football at the moment.
Look ! Someone is climbing the tree.
b) Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedabg berlangsung dan belum tentu
sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan di kemukakan.
She is studying English and learning French this year.
Catatan :
Beberapa kata kerja tidak dapat dipakai dalam bentuk continuous antara lain:
¨ Kata kerja berhubungan dengan panca indera (feel, hear, see, smell, notice, observe)
¨ kata kerja berhubungan dengan perasaan atau emosi (adore, appreciate, care, desire, detest, fear, hate, like, mind, want, wish)
¨ Kata kerja berkaitan dengan aktifitas mental (agree, believe, expect, forget, know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, remember, understand)
3) Keterangan Waktu
| Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today. Kata kerja seperti : Look !, Listen !, Watch !, Notice ! (imperative) |
4) Contoh :
¨ Setiawan is leaving for Singapore tomorrow.
¨ I am watching the movie tonight.
¨ They are taking the 8:00 train.
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang berlangsung pada sekitar waktu pembicaraan, dengan tenggang waktu yang menunjukan konsep sekarang. Tenggang waktu ini mungkin berlangsung selama beberapa menit, jam, hari, minggu, atau tahun.
Contoh :
1. Mirna is learning English at the moment
2. Yanti and Tati are eating in the café
3. Have you heard about budi? He is building a house now.
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